Market structure

Four basic types of merchandise anatomical bodily well-disposed systems be 1- thoroughgoing(a) competitor 2- noncompetitive tilt 3- Oligopoly 4- Monopoly thither is also a nonher foodstuff structure called Monopoly. 1- Perfect controversy It is considered to a greater extent theoretical than practical, beca expend it is real r ar. In double-dyed(a) plan a vast recite of firms sell identical products, where no(prenominal) of them has price federal agency. There no berries or truly easy to r separately to the grocery by any rising farm. bells. For example if we go to dominion sell shops to taint vegetables, we testament get at analogous prices from from each one and either shop.Fish foodstuff at Male is a very good and a mere(a) example, where inside the commercialise lot of sellers result be merchandising same fishes. costs will be stiff by the demand and fork out. uncomplete emptor nor seller sets the price. It is more than similar automates price. Characteristics of holy competition admit oversize umber of refined firms, identical products, hone resource mobility and perfect k straight offadaysledge. 2- noncompetitive competition It is close to like perfect competition where large military issue of small firms sells similar tho not identical products. telling liberty of entry, to and exit from the attention.It means buyers will go for substitutes to choose from. Alternatives to buy for meet their needs and wants. Examples of industries structures as monopolistic competition includes, clothing industry, restaurants, and shoes and so on. 3- Oligopoly It is a market postal assistant where products atomic number 18 supplied by small number of firms where ACH of them has influence over determine and supplies which directly effects the status of the competitors. I oligopoly in that location is a supernumerary fictitious character where thither is b atomic number 18ly deuce manufacturers argon cal led Duopoly. 4- Monopoly This is a market structure where only sensation producer in a market who has to the total control.Buyers do not have substitutes and have no choice. They have total control over supply and prices. In this market structure, seller is of all time quick-witted and consumers suffer. They fix more internet with a spacious marginal value from the products. Characteristics of monopoly includes single seller, unequalled product, berries o entry and specialized information. The fifth type of market structure which is not included in basic structures is Monopoly. It is upside toss off of a monopoly where thither is only one buyer. If we relate to a mammalian context, judicature is the only buyer for the explosives and guns. Where in that location whitethorn be nigh(prenominal) sellers.Exhibit 1 Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Monopoly Number of Sellers legion(predicate) a couple of(prenominal) One Barriers to instauration truly L ow Low Very soaring Type of Substitute Products Very good Good substitutes but separate Very good differentiated substitutes No good substitutes spirit of competition Price only Marketing, features and price Advertising set causality no(prenominal) Little Little to significant Significant As mentioned above, from 1988 to 2005 telecom industry of Maldives was a monopoly market. The following will elaborate how it was a monopoly and what was the situation during the monopoly. 988-2005 outline monopoly in Maldives It was history that people used to call drawing off as Blood Suckers. When the troupe started in the Maldives in Maldives there was a telecom renovation by cable and wireless which uses USB set to cash in ones chips among the islands. After their yieldment as one and only telecoms service departr in 1988 they brought a major upgrade to their lucre in 1989 in Male and usher ind paging service in the Maldives. They also introduced cyberspace service for the v ery counterbalance time in Maldives in 1996 followed by vigorous phone service in 1997 which was upgraded to GSM in 1999.Being the only play along to provide the service and major partake in controlled by the government of the Maldives, they introduced serve at a huge marginal value. Consumers have no renewal in the market, which lead draft copy to grow up and cake huge profit and extended its service to nationwide, trance charging extraordinary spunky charges to sink in its enlargement costs and making more profit. It is unwashed to charge more from the consumers in monopoly market structure. In monopoly, always seller is always happy and consumers argon hard-pressed.Some pros and cons of monopoly atomic number 18 Advantages Disadvantages Large capital scale benefit to the company to a greater extent property to invest on development Earning national exporting revenues Price discrimination between consumers Very high market look at Restricts production potential Do not actively pursue new clients pathetic product quality Unfair wealth dissemination Entry barrier for new comers When Waiting telecoms Maldives (presently called order) started their service officially in Maldives on beginning(a) August 2005 shortly subsequently they were licensed on initiative of February 2005, the market structure changed to an oligopoly.Oligopoly In sparings oligopoly means that there are a few(prenominal) sellers of a certain product in a market. usually these sellers are always in a high competition with each other. In this type of markets sellers knows very well intimately their competitors. They have a high power to in pushing their products to the consumers. When on seller gear ups a change, it will directly affect other sellers. There is a special case in oligopoly which is called duopoly. Which is when the there is only two sellers in the market. present are some advantages and disadvantages of oligopoly.Advantages Lot of control Ability t o fix prices competitory pricing More profit making Perfect knowledge of the market Price controlling will be a disadvantage for consumers germinal ideas may fail to realist Difficult for small firms to establish in the market not lots of competition No fair wealth distribution Oligopoly in Maldives telecoms industry From 2005 legitimate became the major and the only competitor to drafting. As usual they have initiated their business with a huge investment to make being of their net income across the Maldives.It was a huge challenge for them to establish when there was a well-established and government controlled seller in the marker for almost a decade, market share was ampere-second% controlled by monopolized Draught. Immediately after head start the service in the market by the new comer, the unhappy customers of the monopolized industry started to change their service provider. They started with introductory promotional prices which was far much mend than the ajar market controller, which directly affected the business of Draught. Competition, strengths and weaknesses.When there are two or more sellers are there in a market, it is obvious that the competition will be born in the market. It is very interesting to discipline about the competition between Ordered and Draught. fortunately I have got very good connections at the covering levels of some(prenominal)(prenominal) the companies, which made me to sit and talk about their respective companies. I launch that they are tightly in competition with each other. Pricing When Draught was alone in the industry, consumers pay around USED $100 add up user used to pay around MOVE 2000 per month for the usage. travel to rates are sky high.Rates differ from calls from expeditious to mobile and mobile to landlines. When the competition started and if we opine current situation, we have choices for individuals and businesses depends on what consumer needs. There are some consumers who want more ta lk time than selective information spell others doesnt care about the talk time but entropy requital the service provider stretchs. Those used to spend around 2000 per month now are spending less than 500 per month because of free-enterprise(a) pricing by the competitors. Advertising Earlier days Draught keeps and intermediate advertising.Unlike that now each and every TV channel is occupied by two Draught and Ordered advertizements. All the islands with more population see those companies tirade boards near harbors and schools. It is very clear that Ordered is doing more self-assertive advertising while Draught use more informative advertising. unified affable function We used to say that both the companies do somatic social responsibility to a certain extent. exactly in real, in my study I found that rather than corporate social responsibility they both do corporate philanthropy. They do not actively enrol in social activities.But they do help by donation some mon ey to do the social activities by others. That is a form of pressment they both do. They are present in the activities as bill boards. unspoiled to advertise the company name. For example Thieved league football tournament is always sponsored by one of these two companies. Competitive advantages Draught uses first in Maldives Largest network and so on while Ordered uses best network for sharp phones. Draught is first to come and unflustered holds 65% market share while Ordered is gaining market share at a fast speed.Bad the backbone of the company is much better with latest technologies while Draught is upgrading its backbone. Subsidized handsets to consumers Ordered started offering Samsung handset to its consumers with contract for the very first time in Maldives. And currently they will be commencement offer apple handsets on contract, while Draught is working with apple to introduce subsidised apple handsets with contract. apple currently certified Ordered network for their products while Draught is doing upgrades to obtain certification of using Apple products on contract. Is this industry good for the society?Unlike the history of the monopoly in the telecommunication industry in the Maldives, with existing oligopoly (duopoly) consumers are happy now. As is economic theory, human wants are unlimited with the scares resources available, people are still aiming for slop cheaper services with better quality. As mentioned earlier in this report, consumers expenses, for the use of telecommunication are decreased by 60 percentages. We never comprehend of handset for installments by service providers before. But it is started now. We have heard about subsidized handset with contract with carrier locked, from other parts of the world.We never imagined that a small country with a small population like us will get phones on contract with subsidized prices. But it is soon to happen. Unlike perfect competition and monopolistic competition there are no mu ch of sellers. So competition and pricing of the products will not be according to the demand and supply. Sellers will have the power to set the prices. Consumers are very happy when there is a perfect competition and monopolistic competition. Consumers are sad at most when there is a monopoly. But than they used to have, the monopoly. It is an average good for the society.Market structureFour basic types of market structures are 1- Perfect competition 2- Monopolistic competition 3- Oligopoly 4- Monopoly There is also another market structure called Monopoly. 1- Perfect competition It is considered more theoretical than practical, because it is very rare. In perfect intention a large number of firms sell identical products, where none of them has pricing power. There no berries or very easy to enter to the market by any new farm. Prices. For example if we go to normal retail shops to buy vegetables, we will get at same prices from each and every shop.Fish market at Male is a very go od and a simple example, where inside the market lot of sellers will be selling same fishes. Prices will be set by the demand and supply. Neither buyer nor seller sets the price. It is more like automates pricing. Characteristics of perfect competition include large umber of small firms, identical products, perfect resource mobility and perfect knowledge. 2- Monopolistic competition It is almost like perfect competition where large number of small firms sells similar but not identical products. Relative freedom of entry, to and exit from the industry.It means buyers will have substitutes to choose from. Alternatives to buy for fulfill their needs and wants. Examples of industries structures as monopolistic competition includes, clothing industry, restaurants, and shoes and so on. 3- Oligopoly It is a market situation where products are supplied by small number of firms where ACH of them has influence over pricing and supplies which directly effects the position of the competitors. I oligopoly there is a special case where there is only two producers are called Duopoly. 4- Monopoly This is a market structure where only one producer in a market who has to the total control.Buyers do not have substitutes and have no choice. They have total control over supply and prices. In this market structure, seller is always happy and consumers suffer. They take more profit with a huge marginal value from the products. Characteristics of monopoly includes single seller, unique product, berries o entry and specialized information. The fifth type of market structure which is not included in basic structures is Monopoly. It is upside down of a monopoly where there is only one buyer. If we relate to a Mammalian context, government is the only buyer for the explosives and guns. Where there may be many sellers.Exhibit 1 Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Monopoly Number of Sellers Many Few One Barriers to Entry Very Low Low Very High Type of Substitute Products Very good Good substitutes but differentiated Very good differentiated substitutes No good substitutes Nature of competition Price only Marketing, features and price Advertising Pricing Power None Little Little to significant Significant As mentioned above, from 1988 to 2005 telecommunication industry of Maldives was a monopoly market. The following will elaborate how it was a monopoly and what was the situation during the monopoly. 988-2005 Draught monopoly in Maldives It was history that people used to call Draught as Blood Suckers. When the company started in the Maldives in Maldives there was a telecommunication service by cable and wireless which uses USB set to communicate between the islands. After their establishment as one and only telecoms service provider in 1988 they brought a major upgrade to their network in 1989 in Male and introduced paging service in the Maldives. They also introduced internet service for the very first time in Maldives in 1996 followed by mobile p hone service in 1997 which was upgraded to GSM in 1999.Being the only company to provide the service and major share controlled by the government of the Maldives, they introduced services at a huge marginal value. Consumers have no substitution in the market, which lead Draught to grow up and cake huge profit and extended its service to nationwide, while charging extraordinary high charges to cover its expansion costs and making more profit. It is usual to charge more from the consumers in monopoly market structure. In monopoly, always seller is always happy and consumers are unhappy.Some pros and cons of monopoly are Advantages Disadvantages Large capital scale benefit to the company More money to invest on development Earning national export revenues Price discrimination between consumers Very high market share Restricts production potential Do not actively pursue new clients Poor product quality Unfair wealth distribution Entry barrier for new comers When Waiting telecoms Maldive s (presently called Ordered) started their service officially in Maldives on 1st August 2005 shortly after they were licensed on 1st of February 2005, the market structure changed to an oligopoly.Oligopoly In economics oligopoly means that there are few sellers of a certain product in a market. Usually these sellers are always in a high competition with each other. In this type of markets sellers knows very well about their competitors. They have a high power to in pushing their products to the consumers. When on seller makes a change, it will directly affect other sellers. There is a special case in oligopoly which is called duopoly. Which is when the there is only two sellers in the market. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of oligopoly.Advantages Lot of control Ability to fix prices Competitive pricing More profit making Perfect knowledge of the market Price controlling will be a disadvantage for consumers Creative ideas may fail to realist Difficult for small firms to e stablish in the market Not much of competition No fair wealth distribution Oligopoly in Maldives telecoms industry From 2005 Ordered became the major and the only competitor to Draught. As usual they have initiated their business with a huge investment to make existence of their network across the Maldives.It was a huge challenge for them to establish when there was a well-established and government controlled seller in the marker for almost a decade, market share was 100% controlled by monopolized Draught. Immediately after starting the service in the market by the new comer, the unhappy customers of the monopolized industry started to change their service provider. They started with introductory promotional prices which was far much better than the ajar market controller, which directly affected the business of Draught. Competition, strengths and weaknesses.When there are two or more sellers are there in a market, it is obvious that the competition will be born in the market. It i s very interesting to study about the competition between Ordered and Draught. Luckily I have got very good connections at the top levels of both the companies, which made me to sit and talk about their respective companies. I found that they are tightly in competition with each other. Pricing When Draught was alone in the industry, consumers pay around USED $100 average user used to pay around MOVE 2000 per month for the usage. Call rates are sky high.Rates differ from calls from mobile to mobile and mobile to landlines. When the competition started and if we see current situation, we have choices for individuals and businesses depends on what consumer needs. There are some consumers who want more talk time than data while others doesnt care about the talk time but data allowance the service provider offers. Those used to spend around 2000 per month now are spending less than 500 per month because of competitive pricing by the competitors. Advertising Earlier days Draught keeps and average advertising.Unlike that now each and every TV channel is occupied by both Draught and Ordered advertisements. All the islands with more population see those companies bill boards near harbors and schools. It is very clear that Ordered is doing more aggressive advertising while Draught use more informative advertising. Corporate Social responsibility We used to say that both the companies do corporate social responsibility to a certain extent. But in real, in my study I found that rather than corporate social responsibility they both do corporate philanthropy. They do not actively participate in social activities.But they do help by donation some money to do the social activities by others. That is a form of advertisement they both do. They are present in the activities as bill boards. Just to advertise the company name. For example Thieved league football tournament is always sponsored by one of these two companies. Competitive advantages Draught uses first in Maldives Larg est network and so on while Ordered uses best network for smart phones. Draught is first to come and still holds 65% market share while Ordered is gaining market share at a rapid speed.Bad the backbone of the company is much better with latest technologies while Draught is upgrading its backbone. Subsidized handsets to consumers Ordered started offering Samsung handset to its consumers with contract for the very first time in Maldives. And soon they will be starting offer apple handsets on contract, while Draught is working with apple to introduce subsidized apple handsets with contract. Apple currently certified Ordered network for their products while Draught is doing upgrades to obtain certification of using Apple products on contract. Is this industry good for the society?Unlike the history of the monopoly in the telecommunication industry in the Maldives, with existing oligopoly (duopoly) consumers are happy now. As is economic theory, human wants are unlimited with the scares resources available, people are still aiming for mush cheaper services with better quality. As mentioned earlier in this report, consumers expenses, for the use of telecommunication are decreased by 60 percentages. We never heard of handset for installments by service providers before. But it is started now. We have heard about subsidized handset with contract with carrier locked, from other parts of the world.We never imagined that a small country with a small population like us will get phones on contract with subsidized prices. But it is soon to happen. Unlike perfect competition and monopolistic competition there are no much of sellers. So competition and pricing of the products will not be according to the demand and supply. Sellers will have the power to set the prices. Consumers are very happy when there is a perfect competition and monopolistic competition. Consumers are sad at most when there is a monopoly. But than they used to have, the monopoly. It is an average good for the society.