Saturday, December 28, 2019

Prejudice in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1769 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? During our species trajectory in the history of our world, prejudice and discrimination have been present. Prejudice can be described as the irrational and adamant attitudes and thoughts that members of a specific group hold about members of another group (Sibley and Duckitt 248). Prejudices can be harmful or positive. Both types of prejudice are usually biased by the individual who holds them and are very difficult to change (Stephan, Cookie and Stephan 33). The harmful forms of prejudices leads to discrimination- unfair behaviors that holders of harmful prejudice direct against the victims of their prejudices (Sibley and Duckitt 251). According to both psychology and sociology, the emotionality that is present in prejudice appears from our subconscious manners that cause an individual to project feelings of hatred onto a target group as a way of warding off such feelings (Sibley and Duckitt 252). This view connects prejudice to low self-esteem. Individuals that acquire low self-esteem boost their feelings of self-worth by hating certain on groups. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prejudice in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein" essay for you Create order Social science studies have detected a lot of social factors that contribute to prejudice. The first social factor that contributes to prejudice is socialization. Once particular prejudices are held, they are usually passed on amongst the members of a generation and from one generation to the next through socialization (Pettigrew, Thomas and Tropp 922). The second social factor that contributes to the existence of prejudice is conforming behaviors. Usually, holding particular prejudices earn the support of significant others (Stangor 22). Therefore, individuals may hold certain prejudices to follow the opinions of their significant others. The third factor that contributes significantly to prejudice is ethnocentrism. It refers to the tendency of some individuals to rely on their cultural norms and values in evaluating the culture of other people (Oskamp 27). Such ethnocentric tendencies entail stereotypical thinking which serves to advance prejudice. In her novel Frankenstein, Shelly uses the prejudices that Frankenstein and the other characters hold against the creature to reflect how prejudices function in the society and the impacts they have on the victims. The rejection of Frankensteins creature by Frankenstein and other members of the society is a manifestation of how prejudice against objects or individuals who reflect norms other than that which is accepted in the society is instilled through the fear of difference. In psychology, the term refers to the state of representing abnormality (Wright and Lubensky 291). Such an abnormality is viewed as a threat to the social fabric by the members of the society who reflect the accepted norm (Wright and Lubensky 291). Whenever such threats arise, the ideological power structure that prevails at the time usually institute a response. There are two possible responses to such abnormalities. First, the ideological power structure of the time can outrightly reject the threat and destroy it (Navarrete et al. 933). Second, the ideological power structures can render it safe and take it up into the mainstream until the threatening aspects of its existence are diluted so that it replicates the society (Wright and Lubensky 293). Whichever the method used, the societys first response is usually to distance the abnormality through language. That is, the first step towards the assimilation or destruction of anything that threatens normality in the society is usually to label it using disparaging terms and pejorative descriptions (Wright and Baray 225). Frankensteins creature by being unlike from the other members of the society is an exhibition of the other in that society. When Frankenstein and others reject this creature, they present the fear of difference which serves to indoctrinate prejudice against anything that does not conform to the prevailing norms. The societys attempt to distance itself from the creature through language is evidenced in the text by the following quote. Abhorred monster! fiend that thou art! The tortures of hell are too mild a vengeance for thy crimes. Wretched devil! You reproach me with your creation, come on, then, that I may extinguish the spark which I so negligently bestowed (Shelley 113). In this quote, Frankenstein is distancing himself from the creature by labeling him with pejorative descriptions. From this quote, Frankenstein is exhibiting the societys fear of difference. Since the creature is different, it serves as a threat to normality and must thus be belittled. Whereas the rejection of the creature by its creator and the people it comes into contact with is primarily assumed on the fear and prejudice caused by its hideous appearance which is completely different from the norm, it is also fueled by the atypical mode of its creation. In nearly all societies, ugliness is usually belittled and described using cruel descriptions. The case of this creature is worsened by the mode of its creation which turns it from a mere monster to a devil in the eyes of its creator and the people it comes into contact with. In many societies around the world, fear and suspicion surround alternative methods of reproduction (Wright and Baray 228). This fear and prejudice span the complete range of the worlds religious beliefs. In contemporary society, the fear and suspicion that surround alternative methods of reproduction can be observed on the debate around cloning. Even though there is not yet any cloned creature that can be prejudiced, cloning arouses considerable fear and suspicion which have caused prejudice against the technique. Since this happens in all societies, it is not surprising for the Frankenstein creature to face prejudice and rejection because of the strange method of its creation which is linked to an unnatural process, especially considering in the time period that this novel was written in, people were even less accepting than nowadays. In the creation of the Frankenstein creature, only science was involved. The process of its production, therefore, lacks any aspects of the occult or the supernatural. Science has for long and still continues to be viewed with fear and suspicion by many people who cannot understand the mechanisms by which it operates. The majority of people who view science with fear and suspicion usually think of it as competing for nature. They fear is that somehow, science may outdo nature and come up with stronger and greater things. Such creations of science are threatening since they will not only be different from the norm but will also be superior. In the novel, the uniqueness of the process of the creatures production is shown by the following quote. But where were my friends and relations? No father had watched my infant days, no mother had blessed me with smiles and caresses; or if they had, all my past life was now a blot, a blind vacancy in which I distinguished nothing (Shelley 142) In this quote, the creature is wondering why he is not like the others. Unlike the normal human beings, he had no father, mother, or any relations. This made him different, therefore he is presented as a threat to the social fabric and prompting its creators and the individuals it interacted with to reject it. The uniqueness of the creature is further exhibited in the novel by the following quote. I suddenly beheld the figure of a man, at some distance, advancing towards me with superhuman speed. He bounded over the crevices in the ice, among which I had walked with caution; his stature, also, as he approached, seemed to exceed that of man (Shelley 112). In this quote, Frankenstein is expressing the supernatural nature of the creature. His description of the creature serves to reveal the differences between the creature and what is accepted in the society as normal. Whereas Frankenstein had walked amongst the crevices in the ice with great caution, the creature is bounding over them. As the creature approaches him, he realizes that its stature exceeds that of a man. From this description, Frankenstein reveals to readers the abnormalities in the creature which serve to instill fear and prejudice. These differences are the results of science which just as feared by many has created a greater being capable of outdoing humans. The fear and prejudice that results from Frankensteins view of the creature are exhibited in the following quote from the novel. I perceived, as the shape came nearer (sight tremendous and abhorred!) that it was the wretch whom I had created. I trembled with rage and horror, resolving to wait his approach and then close with him in mortal combat (Shelley 112) In this quote, Frankenstein is driven by his fear of the abnormalities of this creature, and he has resolved to fight it to death. When members of the society distance the other- an individual or a thing that manifests attributes other than the accepted norm- through language, they usually aim to create a sense of inferiority in that individual (Hall, Matz and Wood 126). It is this sense of inferiority that will facilitate the assimilation or annihilation of the unique individual. In the novel, Frankenstein and every person that the creature interacts with succeeding in creating a sense of inferiority in the creature. Even though the creature is both intellectually and physically superior to most of these people, he concludes that he is inferior upon comparing himself with them. The sense of inferiority that the prejudice against the creature creates in himself is evidenced in the novel by the following quote. I had never yet seen a being resembling me, or who claimed any intercourse with me, what was I (Shelley 143)? In this quote, the creature thinks of himself as inferior because he does not resemble any being. This quote reflects the negative impacts of prejudice on the victims. Prejudice usually cultures in the victims a sense of inferiority which may make them want to destroy themselves. Prejudice is an extremely harmful factor that hurts all human societies. In all societies, things are usually judged beforehand, and in most cases, wrong opinions are usually formed based on less important attributes as opposed to the characteristics that matter. In her novel Frankenstein, Shelly opens up the issues of prejudice through the creature. Through the rejection of the creator, Shelly shows that prejudice is caused by fear of difference and causes a sense of inferiority in the victims. Frankenstein and everyone that the creature interacts with reject it based on the differences between its looks and creation process and those of the normal humans. Consequently, the creature develops a sense of inferiority despite being intellectually and physically superior to most of the people it interacted with. Basically, this novel is teaching us readers a lesson that our self-esteem clearly can depend on how people view us, and the individual might be the brightest, but if there are people constantly putting the individual down, the person will feel inferior and not success on its tasks.

Friday, December 20, 2019

The House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros - 753 Words

When you look at the cover of the book, The House on Mango Street, you see bright colors and a fun font. The first vignette that Sandra Cisneros writes is about Esperanza, a young Latino girl wishing that she had her own house, a house with trees and white fences. The way that Cisneros writes screams â€Å"little girl.† However, as you dive deeper into the book, the subject of each vignette gets darker. Slowly, we start to see the dangers of growing up as a young Latino girl in a Chicago neighborhood. At the beginning of the book, Esperanza is just a little girl. Her biggest problem is finding a friend, someone other than Nenny, her little sister, or her brothers, Carlos and Kiki. She soon befriends Lucy and Rachel, sister who are also Latino. Together, they grow up and learn that Mango Street isn’t as safe as they imagine. In the vignette, â€Å"The Family of Little Feet,† the girls are given shoes. Not just any shoes - lady shoes, high heels. They try them on a nd pretend that they are older and glamorous. â€Å"...Lucy screams to take off our socks and yes, it’s true. We have legs.† Esperanza, Lucy, and Rachel slowly realize that they are growing up and that their bodies are changing. They decide to parade around the block. First, they decide to visit their favorite store. The owner tells them to take the shoes off because â€Å"them are dangerous†¦ but [they] just run.† A boy bicycles past them and yells, â€Å"Ladies, lead me to heaven.† Later, as they strut past a bar, a â€Å"bum man† calls outShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1132 Words   |  5 Pageslives. In the collection of short stories, The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, she focuses on a young Hispanic girl named Esperanza Cordero who grew up on Mango Street. As she is changing and maturing, she writes down her experiences about discrimination of gender, sexual orientation, and more. Esperanza s transformation from a young and innocent girl to a mature woman is displayed through her self-realization and experiences that help Cisneros reveal how one s own experiences can lead toRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1297 Words   |  6 Pagesto think of a story to create, most of the advice given to them is â€Å"write what you know.† This was perfect advice for Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros, who draws upon her coming-of-age events throughout her childhood and adolescence in â€Å"The House on Mango Street.† Drawing from life stories, her alter ego â€Å"Esperanza† describes everything from the house she lived in, to the hair on people’s heads. These personal stories show a stark contrast for any reader of a different culture, and confirmRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros913 Words   |  4 Pagesvignettes that made up â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, a coming-of-age novel by Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros in this specific vignette reveals the inherent oppressiveness of all marriages, which by their nature rob people of their independence. Sally is not even eight grades and she gets married. Her husband is a marshmallow salesman that she meets at a school bazaar. She moves to another state where is legal their marriage. Sally tells Esperanza about her house and domestic objects thatRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1854 Words   |  8 Pages The Street That Changed a Life The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, displays a great emphasis on culture and people helping form a young girl into a young lady. The main character, Esperanza, has to navigate a mentally and physically challenging life growing up in a poor, Hispanic neighborhood while still learning how to mature and rise above the poverty that surrounds her. Thus, the question arises: in what way and to what extent does close human interaction change Esperanza’s lifeRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros886 Words   |  4 PagesThe House on Mango Street is a novel by Sandra Cisneros. The novel is acclaimed by critics and used in schools all around the world. â€Å"The House on Mango Street† is about a young Latina girl who is about the age of 12 when the novel begins. Sandra’s novels have sold over two million copies. Sandra was born on December 20, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois. In 2016, President Barack Obama presented her with the medal of ‘Nat ional Medal of Arts’. Title: The House on Mango Street Author: Sandra Cisneros TheRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2004 Words   |  9 PagesIn The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, twelve-year-old Esperanza Cordero must navigate through the trials and tribulations that one can associate when encountering young adulthood. The author Cisneros, utilizes her unique writing style of vignettes to illustrate the narrative voice of Esperanza in her text. A major theme that can be seen as the most prominent thus far, is on the feminist role of Esperanza as a female in her Latin American culture. The House on Mango Street is an overallRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe House on Mango Street, a novella by Sandra Cisneros, revolves around the idea of a developing Latino girl facing the difficulties of transitioning to a young mature woman. Esperanza moves into a house on Mango Street, where she meets many diverse influential people as she attempts to discover her true identity and understandin g of the world. While doing this, she encounters the struggles of her community, socioeconomic class, and heritage. Esperanza’s opposing view of herself slowly adjusts asRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neighborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (short for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango Street tells the life of EsperanzaRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1087 Words   |  5 PagesRiaz Salehi The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, portrays the life of a teenage girl named Esperanza living on Mango Street. Though Esperanza lives in a diverse city, pre-existing stereotypes are affecting how others(women?) are perceived and treated. Esperanza starts to see how to change her community and the negative view of herself by taking the wrong actions of other women and connecting them to her own life experiences. To begin with, Esperanza always saw this great distinctionRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2190 Words   |  9 Pagessociety centuries after its foundation. One of the books I feel perfectly touches on ethnicity in America specifically is Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street. Cisneros tells a coming of age story through brief episodes of a girl named Esperanza her life varying from things about her family, neighborhood, and different dreams and goals that she has. The House on Mango street is a personal and touching look at what it means to be a minority/immigrant in America as well what it means to grow up

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Hamlet A Man Of Action Essay free essay sample

Hamlet: A Man Of Action Essay, Research Paper Hamlet Research Paper In the movie, Star Wars, Luke Skywalker attempts to revenge his male parent? s religious decease to the dark side. Luke denies his male parent? s being and comes near to turning to the dark side. Ultimately, Luke rejects the enticement of the dark side, and avenges his male parent when he kills the Emperor. The Emperor is the leader of the dark side who killed his male parent. Luke so goes on to take the good forces in the existence. Likewise, in William Shakespeare? s Hamlet, Claudius slayings King Hamlet, and Prince Hamlet, while moving kingly, struggles to move to revenge the slaying. Hamlet proves to be a kinglike adult male whose fortunes sometimes prohibit him from retaliation. Therefore, Hamlet is a natural leader. Hamlet seems slow in his efforts to revenge his male parent. He displays, nevertheless, an firm sensitivity to move. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet A Man Of Action Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hamlet speaks obviously to Horatio in Court explicating that? The funeral adust meats did supply the matrimony tabular arraies? ( 1.2.180 ) of Claudius and Gertrude. Hamlet could face Gertrude or Claudius about their strange and headlong matrimony, alternatively it seems that all he does is let the matrimony to go on, fails to move, and complains to Horatio. Hamlet discovers Claudius is the liquidator, sees him praying entirely and thinks that? Now might [ he ] [ kill Claudius ] # 8221 ; ( 3.3.73 ) . Hamlet apparently could kill Claudius and carry through his responsibility to revenge his male parent, but fails to kill him. Additionally, Fortinbras? s ground forces subsequently inspires Hamlet while they are processing off to conflict, which prompts him to inquiries? How base I then/ # 8230 ; and allow all kip? ( 4.4.56-59 ) when he has so much to contend for. Hamlet seemingly realizes his entire inability to revenge his male parent, and recognizes his ain failure to move. Despite looking inactivity, Hamlet proves to be highly persevering in revenging his male parent. Hamlet explains to Bernardo, Marcellus and Horatio that he? shall # 8230 ; put an fantastic temperament on? ( 1.4.71 ) after he sees the shade ; in order to larn more about the slaying of his male parent. Hamlet? s strategy to move insane fells his true motivations from anyone leery of him, which improves his opportunity of retaliation. After the King sends him to England, Hamlet writes to Horatio that pirates attack his ship, ( an onslaught which he planned ) , so? [ he ] boarded them? ( 4.5.15 ) . Hamlet could hold easy sat back and awaited decease in England, but he realizes that if he returns to Denmark than he still can demand avenge upon Claudius. Then, Hamlet ensures the King? s decease in the scrimmage after the affaire dhonneur, when he pours toxicant in Claudius? s oral cavity commanding? Drink of this potion? ( 5.2.305 ) . Hamlet achieves his end and shows? unscrupulous declaration, # 8221 ; ( Swinburne, 90 ) he has the chance to revenge his male parent, and does so with out vacillation. Unambiguously, Hamlet is a adult male of action. Some may believe, nevertheless, that Hamlet? s fortunes force him to move. After Rosencrantz and Guildenstern leave Hamlet entirely in the castle, he thinks about the shade he has seen, and acknowledge? The spirit/may be a Satan? ( 2.2.555-556 ) , so he stages a drama to catch the male monarch. Hamlet understands that the shade could hold lied to him, so it seems that he stages the drama merely because he has seen the shade and been confronted with the possible slaying of his male parent. Subsequently, during Hamlet? s drama, a scoundrel puts toxicant in a adult male? s ear, indistinguishable to the slaying of King Hamlet, and seeing this? [ Claudius ] rises? ( 3.2.242 ) in horror. Hamlet now knows Claudius is the culprit, which forces him to kill Claudius. Hamlet explains to Horatio at tribunal that he discovered on his manner to England that there were orders so that? [ Hamlet? s ] caput should be struck off? ( 5.2.25 ) one time he r eached port. It seems that this explains why Hamlet leaves the ship. He had to go forth or he would hold been killed. Though circumstance may look to coerce Hamlet to move, his fortunes really prohibit him from killing Claudius. Although Hamlet? s fortunes prohibit him from avenge, and despite Hamlet? s decisive character, some may reason that he may miss the traits of a male monarch. Claudius sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern inquire why Hamlet is unhappy, and Hamlet replies that, ? Denmark? s a prison? ( 2.2.236 ) . Therefore, he is unhappy. Clearly, it seems that anyone who would see their ain land as a prison would non be a good male monarch or leader of the people, whom he believes, imprison him. Hamlet so is in Court where Polonius and Claudius eavesdrop on him, and hear as Hamlet inquiries his being, inquiring? To be, or non to be? ( 3.1.156 ) . A male monarch must be a strong leader apparently unlike Hamlet # 8211 ; a adult male? without strength of nervousnesss? ( Bradley, 63 ) , or he will wilt in the convulsion that confronts his state. Hamlet subsequently is at Ophelia? s grave with Horatio and notes? the toe of the provincial comes so near the heel of the courtier? ( 5.1.119-120 ) , after the gravedigger is impudent towards Hamlet. It may look that Hamlet has an chesty neglect for the hapless. A male monarch must stand for all of his topics, non simply the rich and the blue bloods. Hamlet? s actions may portray him as a potentially bad male monarch. He, nevertheless, really would turn out to make good given the throne. Hamlet? s kingly character is apparent in his proper, calculated , intelligent and just actions to revenge his male parent. Furthermore, after Hamlet decides to move huffy, he seeks out Ophelia with? his stockings fouled/ # 8230 ; as # 8230 ; /loosed out of snake pit? ( 2.2.77-82 ) , which Ophelia describes to the King, Queen and her male parent. Hamlet goes into unbelievable item to transport out each phase of his luxuriant programs so that he can revenge his male parent. Later in? The Mouse-Trap? an histrion? pours toxicant in the slumberer? s ears? ( stage way before 3.2.120 ) , imitating King Hamlet? s slaying as the tribunal watches on. In yet another phase of the retaliation program, Hamlet absolutely executes the litmus trial turn outing Claudius? s guilt or artlessness. Soon after, Hamlet is entirely with his female parent, when a figure begins to come out from behind an tapestry, so Hamlet quickly? putting to deaths [ the adult male ] ? ( stage way before 3.4.24 ) whom happens to be Polonius. Hamlet? s action here is an ideal illustration of how Hamlet? replies outright when good and immoraliti es are presented to ( him ) ? ( Bradley, 7, 15 ) ; Hamlet thinks that he sees the evil Claudius and kills him with no vacillation. Hamlet shows the character of a resolute adult male. When Hamlet foremost sees the shade he commands Horatio and Marcellus to? Hold of [ their ] custodies? ( 1.5.80 ) as he tries to follow the phantom. Hamlet? s usage of physical force to detect more about his male parent? s decease illustrates his finding and decision. Then, Guildenstein speaks to the male monarch after he has spoken to Hamlet, and describes Hamlet? s current province as? crafty lunacy? ( 3.1.8 ) . Clearly Hamlet? s program is effectual, the leery courtiers realize that Hamlet involves himself in something, but they can non decode what it is, leting Hamlet to prosecute his retaliation freely. Finally, Hamlet discovers that the male monarch has poisoned him and his female parent, and so he takes the poisoned nutrient and? wounds the male monarch? ( Stage way before 5.2.301 ) . Hamlet sees his opportunity to kill Claudius and does so fleetly. Hamlet? s fortunes stifle his otherwise resolute character. Hamlet agrees to stay in Denmark to pacify his female parent, and so contemplates adult male? s nature, and wishing that God had non made Torahs? ? gainst ego slaughter? ( 2.2.132 ) . King Hamlet? s decease causes Hamlet to of course drop in and out of depression, by no mistake of his ain, which sometimes delays his action. After Hamlet sees Claudius praying entirely he decides non to kill him, instead he will wait for when Claudius is? rummy, asleep, or in his fury? ( 3.3.89 ) . Hamlet knows that if he kills Claudius now, he will non hold avenged his male parent decently, Claudius will non confront the purgatory King Hamlet faces. Critic Stanley Copperman explains in? Shakespeare? s Anti-Hero: Hamlet and the Underground Man? that Hamlet has few options to demand retaliation. For illustration, ? a public charge would be unsafe? ( 53 ) . Hamlet has the will to move, but the critic sagely points out that Hamlet? s fortunes force him to demand retaliation in a close, circuitous manner, so we should non misidentify this for inactivity. Hamlet? s action is revenging his male parent prohibited entirely by his fortunes suggests that he would be an first-class male monarch. In add-on, after Laertes wounds Hamlet, in his deceasing breath he tells Horatio that Fortinbras has? [ his ] deceasing voice? ( 5.2.335 ) ; indorsement for the throne. Hamlet, even in decease, thinks of something higher than himself, the true grade of a male monarch. Fortinbras so arrives at tribunal, sees Hamlet dead and comments that Hamlet would? hold proved most royal? ( 5.2.348 ) had he survived. Even the enemy encroacher of Hamlet? s state positions him as a kingly adult male. Clearly, Hamlet has the repute of a great adult male. Critic Elmer Stoll observes in he try? Hamlet? s Fault, # 8221 ; that Hamlet receives? congratulations from his friends, fright and hatred from his enemies? ( 183 ) . Hamlet clearly acts as a male monarch should. He evokes regard either from love or hatred. Decisive and resolute actions characterize the kingly Hamlet. His fortunes are the lone thing that prohibits him from action. Hamlet proves that he is natural leader, a adult male who is determined, knows his bounds, the has the stature, and traits of a male monarch. Plants Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Hamlet: An Authoritative Text, Intellectual Backgrounds, Extracts from the Beginnings, Essaies in Criticism. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 2nd Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992. 1-106. Cooperman, Stanley. ? Shakespeare? s Anti-Hero: Hamlet and the Underground Man. ? 37-63. Shakespeare Studies. Ed. J. Leeds Barroll Vol. 1, 1965. Bradley, A.C. ? Shakespeare? s Tragic Period # 8211 ; Hamlet. ? 13-21. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet. Ed. David Bevington. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1968. Bradley, A.C. ? Hamlet. ? 89-128. Major Literary Fictional characters: Hamlet Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Major Literary Fictional characters: Hamlet. ( 1880 ) : 166-169. Ext. A Study of Shakespeare. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Stoll, Elmer Edgar. ? Hamlet? s Fault. ? Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 181-184. Rpt. Hamlet: An Authoritative Text, Intellectual backgrounds, Infusions from the Beginnings, Essaies in Criticism. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Satisfaction and Their Diversity Perceptions

Question: Discuss about the International Students Study Satisfaction and Their Diversity Perceptions. Answer: Introduction International Students Study Satisfaction and Their Diversity Perceptions The study of cultural diversity helps learners become responsible and respective of diverse cultures of different people while interacting with various environments. Knowledge of the cultural diversity significantly reduces students rate of racial prejudice and discrimination. Through engagements and participation in diversity, education creates a setting over which efficient transfer of sound reasoning about other people's differences is enhanced (Zeichner, 2012). Students perceptions on the demographic compositions and motivational tools of the other students contribute a lot to the establishment of an environment for academic excellence. When there is a mutual feeling of satisfaction from all students on the nature of cultural diversity within an institution enriches growth of new cultures and unique demographics. This study seeks to demonstrate the importance and effects of international students study satisfaction and their diversity perceptions on Queensland Australia, University of Queensland. Real cultural diversity within the university creates a feeling of satisfaction for all international students. The study employs the use quantitative research approaches basically by use of feedbacks obtained from questionnaires filled by the international students. Robbins Judge, (2012) argues that the use of questionnaires give a variety of responses from the students over which the researcher may obtain concrete information to drive valid conclusions and recommendations regarding the research topic. Research Objectives and Questions The study of international students satisfaction and their diversity perceptions remains a significant topic of research based on diversity, engagements, and participation. In particular, this problem is studied primarily on the feedbacks obtained from international students studying at the University of Queesnsland. The main research aims and objectives include: To explore the student's satisfaction and their perceptions of diversity. To explore the motivational factors of students in the Universiy of Queensland. To find out the demographic factors of students at the University of Queensland. To evaluate international students engagement and participation in the Universitys cultural events. The study aims to answer various questions, some of which include: What is the level of satisfaction and diversity perceptions for international students in Australia? What are the factors that motivate international students in the university? What are the demographic factors composing students at the University of Queensland? How do international students participate or get engaged in cultural diversity events within the college? Students Satisfaction and Diversity Perceptions The culture of the University of Queensland values all the cultural aspects of students from different ethnic communities and races. The students are educated that people's opinions, ideas, and perceptions differ from what they look externally (Reynolds, Sneva, Beehler, 2010). The university provides a culture off of learning from one another in that the international students are enabled to acquire new cultures from the Australian students who come from different cultures. The university has established a wide range of classroom activities that assist foreign students in recognizing the essential humanity and the core value of various races of people. There is freedom of interaction and socialization that enable both the local and international students share stories of their cultures, beliefs, practices, and diversity perceptions to other communities cultures (Banks, 2015). Through this excellent approach by the university leadership, the student's satisfaction and diversity perce ptions are enhanced. Further, the administration of the University of Queensland has established the use of one common language that is mainly utilized by the tutors when giving lectures to their students. However, the international students are not satisfied with this approach and recommend the use of more than one primary languages to educate them. Every student has a positive perception of diversity and feel that diversity brings creativity and energy to the established culture (Barbatis, 2010). The university requires that all the international students studying in the school should leave their cultural differences at home and conform to the general standards at the course work. The international students get motivated and more productive when they have a positive perception that the university values and accepts their contribution to the growth and development of academic culture (Museus, 2014). Increasing the school diversity has improved the quality of interrelationships within the institution. Motivational Factors Students need different types of motivation as per their age. The most primary factor that motivates students is the ability to set a goal and striving hard to ensure that the purpose is realized (Bednarz, Schim, Doorenbos, 2010). International students studying at the University of Queensland, Australia come from different kinds of racial backgrounds, and this affects what kind of motivation assists them to excel in the institution. Most international students are interested in learning new ways of life and languages from the others. However, some of the students are full of cultural prejudice, and a superiority interest believes that their culture is the best. The leadership of the university advocates for the use of unique tones of communication while addressing their students and telling them the importances of cultural diversity. As per the findings of the research feedback on the questionnaire, most students are motivated to study different cultural aspects of communities and that they feel stimulated, excited, and energized to learn more about cultural diversity (Bhabha, 2012). The driving force and motivator of learning cultural diversity remain to be the desire to gain a vast knowledge of the cultures of different people from different nations. Motivation enables students to excel in their academics. Most international students are always motivated to study in a foreign country and therefore, prepared and ready to learn new cultures through the interaction with other students from that country. To begin with, demonstrating to the student's different photos of people of different ethnicities, sizes, and shapes motivate them to aspire to have an experience of individuals who look entirely different from themselves. The desire to interact with people from different cultures, tribes, and cultural norms motivates international students to go and study abroad (Dogra, Reitmanova, Carter-Pokras, 2010). International students are driven by the lessons taught at the University of Queensland about multicultural role models for this equips them with the abilities to understand gender, ethnic, and appearance perspectives of different people. Teaching students the majority rules continuously contributes to overall cultural growth and so und reasoning when making political decisions. Demographic Factors Recently, the population trends and implementation of policies allowing freedom of education have led to a significant in the number of international students who study in Australia. Despite the fact that the University of Queensland enrolls diverse body of students every year, recent research claims that these students do not experience similar university studying environment like the one encountered by the local students. There was a lack of support and unconducive studying climate from the University, but recently the school's administration has employed race equity measures that ensure that both the domestic and international students are treated the same with equity and without discrimination (Emerson, Fretz, Shaw, 2011). Apart from the formerly existed different experiences, research suggests that international students from diverse ethnic and racial compositions surprisingly had varying perspectives regarding campus life mainly based on cultural perspectives Reynolds, Sneva, Beehler, 2010). The Australian students perceive the international students, in particular from Africa as racial segregation while the other students from America are seen to be valuable and learned in that they can easily get consulted to provide support academically. Demographic factors affecting the cultural diversity in Queensland also involve discrimination, prejudice, and criticism of particular people from some continents. The feedbacks obtained suggest that ethnic or racial compositions within the University of Queensland, attitudes of prejudgment and prejudice on one's course, and discriminating a particular race within the classwork affects students studies (Muethel, Gehrlein, Hoegl, 2012). Some of the international students prejudice the faculties being undertaken by some students arguing that such courses or degrees are not marketable, this creates a mental stress and torture for the affected students. Further, other students view the diversity of degree programs as establishing a multidimensional platform under which every student is allowed to study a subject of his or her passion (Davis, 2014). The leadership of the university should discourage discriminatory experiences over the ethnic and race composts of the student's body. Participation and Engagement Involvement and participation involve the degree by which both the international and local students within the campus spend their time in classwork and engaging in the cultural events. Recent research suggests that students averagely spend their time equitably on study and leisure activities with our culture oriented. The University of Queensland, Australia adopts an inclusive culture that seeks to engage diverse ideas, students, and opinions so as to establish a vigilant learning environment (Gay, 2010). Under the department of sociology and culture, the institution has transformed campus culture to the extent that the entire university collectively benefits from the engagement into diversity. The participation and engagement of international students into the university's career events has transformed culture diversity and created a sense of belonging as well as respect for both the staff and the student's fraternity (Robbins Judge, 2012). Further, the university recommends that t he students should form culturally several clubs and societies whose agenda is to educate and equip fellow learners with new perceptions and skills of professional excellence. The department of culture, history, and diversity establishes lectures, tutorials, and group assignments examination modes for the students studying all subjects as a standard university unit. Research show that most of the international students put more efforts in completing assessments as compared to the local students from Australia. Further, all the international students studying in the campus keep up to date with their studies and regularly consult the lectures on some cultural aspects which seem to be challenging for them to understand (Biggs, 2011). However, other researchers show that the international students are lazier in attending classes as compared to the Australian students as the former spent much of their time in leisure activities other than attending lectures and tutorials (Mertens, 2014). As a result, the university's department of sports and science include more international students in cultural shows than the local ones, an aspect which is viewed to be discri minatory by the Australian students. In future, the leadership of the university should emphasize the importance of balancing time as well as the importance of fairness and equity amongst different students from varying nations with different cultures and race. Research Design This is the strategy employed by the researcher in the integration of various components of the research in a logical manner and enables the researcher to effectively address the research question (Levy Lemeshow, 2013). Practical research design constitutes of data collection, measurement, and analysis. In the study of the international student's education satisfaction and their diversity perceptions, quantitative research design is primarily used in the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Study population The study population in this study is the students both internationally and locally studying in Australia. Sampling method The study uses simple random sampling method whereby every student within the university has the same chance of being selected to give his or her opinions as per the questionnaire. Sample size The student population at the University of Queensland is 1500 students, who should fill the questionnaires are respondents individually. Data collection method Secondary data collection method is used. Secondary data information is highly reliable in this study as the filled questionnaires, and other sources of information are allowed to be used in gathering sufficient and appropriate data for the proposal. Quantitative research design This is a formal, objective, and a systematic process of gathering quantifiable information about a population, it describes tests relationships, examines the cause and effect relationships, and enables the researcher to present information through questionnaires (Creswell, 2013). In our case, the availability of a questionnaire to be filled by the students allows a researcher to use the feedbacks obtained from the students in determining their diversity perceptions, engagements, motivation, and demographic factors. Advantages of Quantitative design Quantitative research design enables the researcher to measure any analyze the relevant data in the study effectively. There is an excellent and detailed study of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Enables the researcher to test the hypothesis in individual experiments due to its ability to measure data and use statistical information. Allows the researcher to minimize and eliminate the subjectivity of judgment of results and feedback obtained from the interviewers. Suitability of Quantitative approach Research questionnaires filled by both the sample populations of the international and local students assists the researcher to have no difficulties in making a decision over the underlying challenges. Further, the quantitative research design is suitable for this study since there is no necessity for an in-depth examination of the respondent's opinions from the questionnaires in respect to their areas of interest (Smith Osborn, 2009). The research design has enabled the researcher to collect sufficient data through questionnaires filled by different students from various countries who study at the University of Queensland, Australia. Ethical issues The ethical issues surrounding this study are discrimination, racism, and ethnic issues. There are strong aspects of discrimination to some international students studying in Australia by the school administration and the tutors. Also, the element of racist has dipped itself seriously in the university whereby some of the students consider themselves more superior than the other (Andrews Herzberg, 2012). This is basically between the whites and the black students. Further, there are ethnic issues in the organization, whereby while English is still considered as the common language that should be used by all students, other students still have a feeling that their other languages should be utilized instead. Options for solving ethical issues Moral issues establish conflicts within the campus and should, therefore, get kicked out with immediate effect. The following approaches should be used to address these problems. Initiate programs for educating the importance of fairness and equity to all students, lectures, and stakeholders of the institution. Educate students on the importance of cultural diversity within an organization, as well as the dangers of racism. Design strategies and programs for cultural events where every racial and ethnic composition is given a chance to express their culture. Timeline This part shows schedule and tasks needed to be completed for the study to make it a success, they are presented in a table as below: Tasks Timeline (Months) Create items for the study 3 Review items with experts 5 assistance. Pre- test the data with a representative 4 a sample of the students Do programming of the chosen 9 software to analyze the survey Preparation of study site 9 Hire, train, and develop research 8 assistants Employ 1500 subjects and administer 18 the study of all departments Analysis of data 22 Prepare the manual scripts to peer 24 reviewed journals. Conclusion Education is the key to success. Most people prefer doing their undergraduate and postgraduate education outside their country of birth. International students face various challenges in an attempt to cope and tolerate foreign cultures and learning climates. However, this exposure equips them with new approaches to understanding the importance of cultural diversity as well as valuing the participation and engagement in campus cultural events. Given the importances of studying abroad, students should look forward to going to study there so as to gain professional skills, communities cultures, and book studies. Therefore, the international student's satisfaction and perception of diversity enable them to appreciate its importance and as a result, educate the other students on how to enhance effective interpersonal relations within the campus even if people come from different nations. References Andrews, D. F., Herzberg, A. M. (2012).Data: a collection of problems from many fields for the student and research worker. Springer Science Business Media. Banks, J. A. (2015).Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Barbatis, P. (2010). Underprepared, ethnically diverse community college students: Factors contributing to persistence.Journal of Developmental Education,33(3), 14. Bednarz, H., Schim, S., Doorenbos, A. (2010). Cultural diversity in nursing education: Perils, pitfalls, and pearls.Journal of Nursing Education,49(5), 253-260. Bhabha, H. K. (2012).The location of culture. Routledge. Biggs, J. B. (2011).Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage publications. Davis, H. C., Dickens, K., Leon Urrutia, M., Vera, S., del Mar, M., White, S. (2014). MOOCs for Universities and Learners an analysis of motivating factors. Dogra, N., Reitmanova, S., Carter-Pokras, O. (2010). Teaching cultural diversity: current status in UK, US, and Canadian medical schools.Journal of general internal medicine,25(2), 164-168. Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., Shaw, L. L. (2011).Writing ethnographic fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. Gay, G. (2010).Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. Teachers College Press. Levy, P. S., Lemeshow, S. (2013). A Sampling of populations: methods and applications.John Wiley Sons. Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Muethel, M., Gehrlein, S., Hoegl, M. (2012). Socio?demographic factors and shared leadership behaviors in dispersed teams: Implications for human resource management.Human Resource Management,51(4), 525-548. Museus, S. D. (2014). The culturally engaging campus environments (CECE) model: A new theory of success among racially diverse college student populations. InHigher education: Handbook of theory and research(pp. 189-227). Springer Netherlands. Reynolds, A. L., Sneva, J. N., Beehler, G. P. (2010). The influence of racism-related stress on the academic motivation of Black and Latino/a students.Journal of college student development,51(2), 135-149. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012).Essentials of organizational behavior. Boston: Pearson. Smith, C. J., Osborn, A. M. (2009). Advantages and limitations of quantitative PCR (Q- PCR)-based approaches in microbial ecology.FEMS microbiology ecology,67(1), 6- 20. Zeichner, K. (2012). Educating teachers for cultural diversity in the United States.Teacher Education in Plural Societies (RLE Edu N): An International Review,141.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Microsoft vs Foss Essay Example

Microsoft vs Foss Essay Microsoft’s Foss Patent Infringement Holly Stark ITT Technical IT 302 Abstract This paper takes an in depth look at the claims from Microsoft that FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) committed patent infringement in 2006. It also discusses how the events have impacted FOSS, whether negatively or positively and how the actions have changed both since 2006. Microsoft’s Foss Patent Infringement Free software is wonderful and corporate America seems to love it. Its often high-quality stuff that can be downloaded free off the Internet and then copied at will. Its versatile it can be customized to perform almost any large-scale computing task and best of all its crash-resistant. More than half the companies in the Fortune 500 are thought to be using the free operating system Linux in their data centers. In 2006, Microsoft cast a shadow over Free and Open Source Software by alleging that they had violated 235 patents such as the Linux kernel, Samba, OpenOffice. org and others. Foss’s legal representative Eben Moglen contended that software is a mathematical algorithm and, as such, not patentable. Parloff, R. 2007) But what of Microsoft’s claims? Are they valid? But first to answer that you need to understand what a patent really is. A patent is essentially a limited monopoly whereby the patent holder is granted the exclusive right to make, use, and sell the patented innovation for a limited period of time. Granting exclusive rights to the inventor is intended to encourage the investment of time and resources into the develop ment of new and useful discoveries. Once the term of protection has ended, the patented innovation enters the public domain. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft vs Foss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft vs Foss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft vs Foss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of the patentability of software has become one of the most debated issues with regards to open source software. The Supreme Court stated in a unanimous opinion that patents have been issued too readily for the past two decades, and lots are probably invalid. For a variety of technical reasons, many dispassionate observers suspect that software patents are especially vulnerable to court challenge. This ruling works in FOSS’s favor. Patents can be invalidated in court on numerous grounds; others can easily be invented around. Still others might be valid, yet not infringed under the particular circumstances. FOSS has some well known patrons working in its corner as well. In 2005, six of them IBM (Charts, Fortune 500), Sony, Philips, Novell, Red Hat (Charts) and NEC set up the Open Invention Network (OIN) to acquire a portfolio of patents that might pose problems for companies like Microsoft, which are known to pose a patent threat to Linux. So if Microsoft ever sue d Linux distributor Red Hat for patent infringement, for instance, OIN might sue Microsoft in retaliation, trying to enjoin distribution of Windows. Parloff, R. 2007) A preliminary legal analysis of FOSS licenses conducted seems to suggest that the novel licensing model used by FOSS is legally valid, a fact that lends substantial credit to the movement. Other indications as to the soundness of the licenses are also encouraging; a ruling in Germany that has recognized the validity of the General Public License (GPL) ( J. Hoppner,2004), which further serves to stress that FOSS is a global phenomenon that is revolutionizing the entire field of software development. Microsoft realized that something had to change when it comes to patents. They basically had three choices. They could do nothing, it could start suing other companies to stop them from using its patents, or, they could begin licensing its patents to other companies in exchange for either royalties or access to their patents (a cross-licensing deal). They chose to do the latter. In December 2003, Microsofts new licensing unit opened for business, and soon the company had signed cross-licensing pacts with such tech firms as Sun, Toshiba, SAP and Siemens. On November 2, 2006, Microsoft went public and announced a partnership with Novell to collaborate to help Microsofts Windows, a proprietary operating system, work with Novells Suse Linux, which is based on open-source code. In addition, the software makers struck a deal on patents designed to give customers peace of mind about using Novells open-source products. This partnership made Novell the only company in the industry that was able to provide the customer not only with the code to run Linux, but also with a patent covenant from Microsoft. Evers, Joris 2006) Some thought that it showed that Microsoft was kind of being forced to see Linux as a significant competitor and the FOSS model as a viable business model. (Upfold, Peter 2006) My personal opinion is that this was an attack on the open source community. Microsoft hasn’t actually changed its tune; it’s still actively attacking free software and trying to abolish GNU/Linux while promoting Windows and other proprie tary software as though they are complementary to free software, which they are not. It’s PR nonsense and Microsoft is good at PR. Since then, Novell was sold in 2010 to Attachmate Corp. and a concurrent sale of certain intellectual property assets was sold to CPTN Holdings LLC, a consortium of technology companies organized by Microsoft Corporation. It plays right into the hands of Microsoft’s PR campaign, which strives for a fusion where Microsoft controls both sides of the competition and then derails the side which is less favorable to Microsoft. Microsoft has done that over and over again for many years and victims include giants like IBM and Apple. While FOSS licenses generally protect end user freedom in the realm of copyright, they have no effective protection against threats from software patents, especially from entities outside the FOSS community. In responding to the threat from software patent holders, the FOSS community has created innovative licensing schemes. ( Davidson, S. J 2006) Permissive licenses, such as the Apache licenses, have different patent rights clauses from reciprocal licenses, such as the MPL and GPL. In dealing with potential patent claims, GPL 2. has a â€Å"Freedom or Death† termination clause – â€Å"any patent must be licensed for everyones free use or not licensed at all. † GPL 2. 0 does not allow the development of software that requires any kind of license payments for third party patents. (Hacker. J. n. d. ) GPL 3. 0 was drafted to cope with global software patent threats and to provide compatibility with more non-GPL FOSS licenses. The current GPL draft 3. 0 keeps GPL 2. 0’s copyleft feature and includes new provisions addressing evolving computing issues, such as patent issues, free software license compatibility, and digital rights management (â€Å"DRM†). McMillan, R 2007) As of today, Microsoft is still attacking free software with two types of tactics. The tactics largely include litigation and the use of so-called Fear-Uncertainty-Doubt (FUD) tactics designed to undermine the popular perception of the open source philosophy. This year alone they have won several cases either outright, in appeal or countersuits against Motorola’s Android features. The rest of the FOSS community seems to be on edge and waiting to see what happens next.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Annunciation vs. Enunciation

Annunciation vs. Enunciation Annunciation vs. Enunciation Annunciation vs. Enunciation By Maeve Maddox I read the following in an NPR (National Public Radio) transcript: Im articulate, which means that when it comes to annunciation and diction, I dont even think of it cause Im articulate.   My first reaction was to smile at what I assumed was an amusing typo, perhaps the result of a mechanical voice transcription error. But then I decided to see if I could discover other examples of annunciation used in contexts calling for enunciation. I found quite a few. Not surprisingly, many of the errors occur on amateur sites and forums where correct spelling is not an issue: He had a pretty heavy lisp, and the thing that was most pronounced was his over-annunciation of words so that his speech was very slow and drawn out. Almost 5 [years old and] has annunciation issues. just started speech therapy 2x week 30 minutes each. It’s just an overall annunciation issue, rather than a particular sound. More surprising is finding the error in a professional context, on sites offering speech therapy and in documents posted on government sites: [Our] speech therapists help adults who have problems understanding written or spoken words, feeding and swallowing, or speaking clearly with appropriate annunciation and tone. Our daughter is six years old and is being teased at school for her annunciation. (A parental testimonial featured on a professional site’s landing page.) While he has come a long way, he is still very behind in his pronunciation and annunciation. (Petition requesting insurance coverage for speech therapy) The word annunciation means announcement. The word is closely associated with a particular announcement: the one made to Mary regarding the impending birth of Jesus: And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name  Jesus.–Luke 1:30-31, KJV. This use of Annunciation is always capitalized: One of the most famous paintings of the Annunciation is one attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and Andrea del Verrocchio. Enunciation, on the other hand, refers to the clear utterance of speech sounds: If youre looking to improve your childs  enunciation, its best to begin with an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist.   No vocal warm-up is complete without reciting a few  enunciation  exercises. One way to keep the words apart is to pronounce the a in annunciation as a schwa sound and the e in enunciation as a long e sound, as in he. Note: The schwa sounds like â€Å"uh.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other Acclamations50 Synonyms for "Song"

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Do you believe that life exists elsewhere in the universe Why or why Essay

Do you believe that life exists elsewhere in the universe Why or why not Please use science to support your claims - Essay Example facing of UFO’s and many discoveries of water and bones on different planets has confirmed that water is the source of life in the extraterrestrial world same as it is in plane earth. In 2011, Richard Hoover, a famous astrobiologist US space centre Alabama , claimed that filaments, meteoroids and other substances are giving the glimpse of microscopic fossils of extraterrestrial life that resemble cyanobacteria which is known as a phylum of photosynthetic bacteria (Science News). The extraterrestrial world tries to communicate with us using different UFO based vehicles, radio signals which are caught by scientists and travelers but there is a massive study going on about the means of communication the people of human beings should use in order to communicate with what we call â€Å"aliens†. Language is the main hindrance and the science can carry out the way in which we can use the decoding of the alien language and then the humans can send the synchronizing messages to interact with the living beings outside the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Victorian Equity Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Victorian Equity Law - Essay Example This position arises in case of relationships between solicitor and client, parent and child, wife and husband which is known as fiduciary relationship, where trust and confidence exists. In this case, undue influence is presumed by law unless until it is proved contrary2. The presumption of undue influence is recognised by court of law basically where fiduciary relationship exists believing that in fiduciary relationship one party succeeds in exerting unfair influence or undue influence over the other. The court of law recognises relationship between employer and junior employee, doctor and patient also to bring into the ambit of presumption of undue influence3. In fiduciary relationship between wife and husband the creditor has a bounden duty before obtaining guarantee from the wife where wife is not a benficiary, is that a) to take reasonable steps to establish that her consent had been properly obtained, b) to discuss the facts with her c) to warn her of the consequences d) to suggest to take independent legal advise. Failing which, the transaction could be set aside by court of law4. Equity law protects innocent persons from undue influence by giving an opportunity to rescind the contract executed under undue influence. Defence available to opposite party if the fact of non existance of undue influence is rebutted with evidence5. Undue influence: Undue influence is classified into three types, a) actual undue influence, b) presumptive undue influence and c) proven undue influence. Actual undue influence is to be proved. Presumptive undue influence exists where trust and confidence is placed upon a strong party, especially in fiduciary relationships such as solicitor and client, religious adviser and disciple, physicians and patients, and parent and child. Proven Undue influence is similar to presumed undue influence except that in proven undue influence the trust and confidence is to be proved unlike in case of presumptive undue influence. Special Wives Equity: The law provides special equity for wives to protect their interest from the undue influence of their husbands, who take advantage of the weaker position of their wives. Under this equity if the transaction is clouded by actual undue influence and the creditor has the knowledge of existence of marriage between the surety and the borrower the transaction will be set aside. The law further provides that even there is no actual undue influence the transaction is subject to be set aside at the option of the surety unless the creditor has taken sufficient measures to bring to her notice and inform her suitably the effect of the transaction. The law says in special wives equity constructive notice of undue influence or relationship of influence is immaterial, mere knowledge of existence of marriage is sufficient. In Garcia case, which is relied on Yerkey v Jones8 the High Court has discussed elaborately on the principles based on the doctrine of Special Wives Equity. Clear and thorough study of the judgment in Garcia case shows how the different principle adopted in case of Wives in setting aside of security of wife is justified when compared to the non-wives security to third party, duly following the law of equity6. Garcia vNnational Australia Bank ltd7: National Australian Bank

Sunday, November 17, 2019

RESEARCH PAPER ON NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

RESEARCH PAPER ON NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE - Essay Example â€Å"Nathaniel’s passivity and indolence appeared especially unmanly in the presence of Robert Manning’s energetic capabilities, not only to the uncle but to the boy himself. The resulting self-distrust was to be permanently in conflict with Hawthorne’s innate pride† (Erlich, 1984). His family’s Puritan past would weigh heavily upon him throughout his life and would be strongly reflected within his writings. Although he was strongly encouraged to take up the family trade and become a merchant marine, Hawthorne had decided, by age 17, that he wanted to be a writer. Hawthorne’s official education started at the age of 15 when he attended the Samuel H. Archer School as preparation for college. He entered the Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine by 1821 (Swisher, 1996). While he was there, he formed lifelong friendships with future literary giant Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, future president Franklin Pierce and future Navy Commander Horatio Bridge. He also spent another 12 years following college living in his mother’s house and educating himself in how to be a good writer by studying his Puritan past, nonfiction and fiction works of note (Swisher, 1996). While he always styled himself a writer, he held several small jobs necessary to support himself. These included magazine editor, customs house worker (in a variety of capacities) and as a farmer for a brief period at Brook House, an experimental commune (Swisher, 1996). After he moved to the Lenox countryside to escape angry Salem residents, he met Herman Melville who was to have a profound influence on The House of Seven Gables. â€Å"The presence of this brooding mariner, poetic soul such as Hawthorne’s father had been, stirred the deepest memories – and doubts – of the older writer. Melville’s talk of the sea, of time, eternity, death, myth, and literature, his metaphysical leaping, struck

Friday, November 15, 2019

Ryanairs Corporate Culture

Ryanairs Corporate Culture 1. Summary This report attempts to analyse the corporate communication strategies currently employed by Irish budget airline Ryanair with respect to the various communication frameworks in place, whilst focusing on both external and internal stakeholders. Finally an analysis of Ryanairs corporate culture and HRM strategy with respect to their influence upon employees within the organisation. 2. Introduction Corporate communication distinguishes itself from other forms of communication such as management by the means in which it bases itself upon the organisations corporate perspective, the stakeholders it addresses and the management activities within its scope (Cornelissen, 2005) According to Argenti Foreman (2002) corporate communication can take the role of two forms; as a ‘function which may be dispersed across an organisation, or as a ‘process to reach all of its constituencies. An appropriate definition from Argenti (2002) avers Corporate Communication as â€Å"the corporations voice and the images it projects of itself on a world stage populated by its various audiences; corporate reputation, corporate advertising and advocacy, employee communications, investor relations, government relations, media management and crisis communications†. A consequence of these characteristics is that they are complex in nature especially when referring to multi-national organi sations (Cornelissen, 2005) such as Ryanair therefore effective communication strategies demand an integrated approach to communications management. Successful communication strategies clearly identify the organisations differentiating factor, or the profile which it wants to portray to its stakeholder groups. In the case of Ryanair its differentiating factor is its ability to consistently offer â€Å"lowest cost scheduled airline tickets† (Hagele, 2006). Micheal OLeary (CEO) says of his corporate strategy â€Å" Its the oldest, simplest formula; Pile‘ em high and sellem cheapWe want to be the Wal-Mart of the airline business. Nobody will beat us on price. EVER†. A powerful but contraversial message communicated by OLeary, which as the paper will discuss later synonmous with Ryanairs communications strategies. The objective of this paper is to identify what global communication framework/ s Ryanair are currently using; analysis of both internal and external corporate communication strategies and their subsequent impact with reference to engaging both internal and external stakeholders. Finally identification of Ryanairs corporate culture and its influence upon people within Ryanair. The aim of this paper therefore after discussing the objectives is to decide whether the frameworks and communication strategies Ryanair use are effective in maintaining their position as the European low-cost budget airline for both internal and external stakeholders. 3. Communication strategy Integrated Corporate Communication framework within Ryanair Corporate Communication as an integrated framework for managing communication (Cornelissen, 2005) Ryanair holistically combines both marketing, advertising, technology and public relations practitioners together in an integrated communications framework model (Cornelissen, 2005) drawing upon management strategy, consumer behaviour and organizational theory (see appendix) to manage the companys reputation and maintain brand equity. Integrated communication is created at the corporate brand level for Ryanair with the goal of enhancing its positioning within the market as Europes ‘lowest price airfares whilst maintaining its competitive strategy. Unlike other organisations that have placed corporate communications managers into executive teams (Cornelissen, 2005) OLeary does not follow this example, preferring instead to ‘council its head of corporate communications Stephen MacNamara and head of marketing Dara Brady, and rather instead maintaining control over Ryanairs communication strategy in its entirety. OLeary orchestrates Ryanairs communication strategy from the ma nagement team down with a hierarchical approach, enabling communication from a corporate strategic level which is reflected within its corporate culture. What makes Ryanair such a success is its inherent ability to consistently communicate the same ‘offering and its core strategy to stakeholders of ‘low price regardless of the ‘landscape it finds itself within. O Leary is able to leverage negative publicity associated with an event or incident at Ryanair and exploit this free opportunity to promote greater exposure of the brand and re-iterate how successful they really are. For example by utilising existing media channels such as an internet bloggers page who has posted a negative blog regards Ryanair, the companys integrated communication framework enables a quick response from MacNamara who instead re-enforces how successful their business model is in providing the cheapest fares around. What makes Ryanair unique within the airline industry is their ability not to waiver from their strategy of low cost, even if this means the ‘customer is not always right (O, Leary, 2007). This approach to communication strat egy is strengthened by the ‘Input-Output model of stakeholder management discussed later in the paper and shown in the appendix. 3.1. Internal Communications The organisation defines itself as a low-cost airline; the consequence of this is that unlike other airlines that can pass on additional cost increases to the customer such as increasing fuel prices Ryanair are unable to do so. Therefore their communication frameworks revolve around low-cost channels such as face-to-face, traditional print media and a heavy emphasis on technology and web-based communications system such as the Ryanair intranet, enabling employees such as flight crew, maintenance and ground staff, amongst others to access critical information and maintain quality management. Ryanair attempts to communicate with its employees (Annual Report, 2009) through a variety of communication channels; an internal staff newsletter called â€Å"The Limited Release† provides employees with up-to-date plans, issues and challenges within the aviation industry, where further daily news bulletins are broadcast on Ryanairs internal TV network. Additionally the organisations Employee Representative Committee (ERC) (one per department) liaises with Ryanairs European Works Council to provide guidance on current aviation issues pertinent to employees. Therefore using an integrated framework encompassing word-of- mouth, electronic channels, and periodical print media has enabled the organisation to minimise tangible costs. Only recently OLeary was quoted in the media for criticising employees for ‘stealing Ryanairs electricity by charging their mobile phones! (ref). 3.2. External communications As an entrepreneurial organisation Ryanair believes it possesses the right to play outside the box and follow its own path, challenging the status quo of corporate communication and pushing the aviation industry boundaries. As a result OLeary, MacNamara and Grady follow an external communications strategy which more often or not is designed to provoke the audience rather than to attract (see appendix). What is consistent is Ryanairs approach which is synonymous with ‘old school Public Relation strategy; in that it focuses on communicating the same message repeatedly; ‘low fares through online, print and . channels in an attempt to reinforce the notion of ‘good value with consumers. However, whilst it can be argued that this strategy may seem archaic it actually proffers the advantage that Ryanairs positioning strategy is absolutely clear to its stakeholders; in that its offering is ‘low priced airfares and absolutely nothing else. OLeary has a reputation as a hard-nosed businessman choosing his words carefully but with the intent to cause as much controversy as possible which ultimately creates a paradox of both artistic creativity and destruction. ‘Screw the share price, this is a fare war† â€Å"We bow down to nobody. Well stuff every one of them in Europe, we wont be second or third and saying: didnt we do well? In business, honesty is a dirty word. People say the customer is always right, but you know what theyre not, sometimes they are wrong and they need to be told so† (Michael O Leary, 2007) Using a provocative vocabulary ensures that during crisis management strategies in the event of negative publicity OLeary is able to leverage as much exposure as possible for Ryanair which ultimately leaves the company at the forefront of consumers minds. The most recent examples of these have been the (perhaps?) ‘faux-pas of Ryanair employee responses back to online bloggers regards disag reements in online content complaints about customer service (see appendix) 3.2.1 Values To complete 3.2.2. Key stakeholders According to (Johnson Scholes, 2008), organisational stakeholders are those individuals or groups who depend on the organisation to fulfil their own goals and on whom, in turn , the organisation depends. Furthermore (Wall Rees, 2004) and (Johnson Scholes, 2008) suggested that stakeholders are other societal groups who are affected by the activities of the firm and whom in turn, the organisation depends. This section identifies the major stakeholders of Ryan Air and how they are important to the firm however Ryanairs stakeholders encompass a wide range of groups which can be classified as both 1) societal 2) economic (organisational) with each group unique in their expectation as stakeholders of Ryanair. The former range from pressure groups, competitors, suppliers and customers, where for example customers are legally entitled to fair trading practices; differs from the latter (organizational) comprising of shareholders and employees, who are entitled to extra rights under the rul e of corporate governance. The model which aligns most closely within Ryanair for both internal and external stakeholders, if OLearys approach to corporate communications is followed is the ‘Input-Output model of strategic management (Cornelissen, 2005) (see appendix). This emphasises that power lies within the organisation, upon which other stakeholder groups are dependent in respect to their relationship with Ryanair; this is illustrated by OLearys clear disregard for stakeholder perception across all groups. Internal Stakeholders Employees within Ryanair are according to OLeary ‘a cost (2006) until they are able to contribute fully to the business, demonstrated by the corporate culture of reducing overheads by externally sourcing cabin crew and making new employees pay for their training with the organisation until fully qualified and an ‘asset to the company. Further to this a compensations structure following the premise of ‘pay on the basis of transactions undertaken; meaning sectors flown (Mayer, 2008) ensures that cabin crew absorb a lot of the cost impact to delayed flights creating an incentive through commission to market other Ryanair products. Further to this the absence of any trade union or regulatory body at the request of O Leary ensures that whilst these stakeholders are ruled under ‘fair corporate governance they are seen to be disposable commodities. External Stakeholders -to complete Unlike more conventional stakeholder models OLeary does not apportion importance to external governmental or regulatory influences rather choosing instead to challenge them .i.e. the European Union over competition policy in 2006 (ref) and British airport accusations over ‘unfair charging practices over recent years. This strengthens the notion that the ‘Input-Output model of stakeholder management is correct; in reference to the power lying ‘within Ryanair rather than with its stakeholders. However effective communication is a key success factor of this organisation is respect to its approach of its relationship with new airports. MacNamara uses a tactic which involves generating awareness of potential new routes by announcing instead the new jobs it will create and the anticipated increase in volume of passengers Suppliers bargaining power for fuel is high, medium for aircraft and medium low for airports; sourcing, purchasing and procurement is done face-to-face negotiation like most b2b business. 3.2.3 Corporate Culture, brand, image and identity Corporate Culture Melewar (2006), corporate culture is impacted by history of the company, the founder of the organization and country of origin of the organization. There is link between corporate culture and corporate history because the interaction among the group can develop culture. Melewar (2006) stated that the founder of the company can affect the corporate culture The corporate culture of Ryanair is very much influenced by OLeary, strengthening the notion that the CEO can dictate the corporate culture of the airline. Schein (1992) posits culture to be â€Å"accumulated shared learning of a given group, covering behavioural, emotional and cognitive elements of a group members total psychological functioning† addressing a shared understanding of culture; contrasting with Johnson and Scholes (2002) who aver that â€Å"the basic assumption and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken for-granted fashion an organisations view of itself and its environment† addressing instead repeated behavioural patterns. When attempting to analyse Ryanairs corporate culture the former analogy becomes more prominent. Ryanair corporate culture is more focus as an airline company based in Ireland, representing the Irish culture: Organise, reliable, and kindly (Ryanair.com, 2009). Corporate brand Balmer (1995), corporate brand refer to corporate reputation, corporate image and concern on perception. It focus on all internal and external stakeholders, and boarder mix than traditional marketing mix, and it require commitment from all staff, senior management as well as financial support. From Balmer (2001), the favorable corporate brand came from organizational identity. Ryanair brand core is the ‘low cost flights for all. This brand core is applied to focus on the cost of Ryanair brand which is available at different levels for differents types of customers (Ryanair.com, 2009). It also emphasizes on the promise that the brand communicate to the stakeholders. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the communication depends on the gab between the performance and promise although in Ryanair we see more students, leisure people than business people. Nevertheless people from any background can afford to use the service. Corporate image Abratt (1989), Grunig (1993), and Van Riel (1995), there are three approached of corporate image which include psychology, graphic design and public relation. From Balmer (2001), the corporate image came from managing business identity. Moreover, corporate image related to immediate mental perception to the organization held by individual group. Corporate identity Abratt (1989), Balmer (1998) Olin (1990) and Van Riel (1997), corporate identity focus on culture, strategy, structure, history, business activity and business scope. Corporate identity is the mix of elements which give the organization their distinctiveness. And the key questions are who are we, what are structure, strategy, business, reputation, performance, business and history. Ryanair corporate identity is based on ‘bleueness (The corporate colour): meaning they are ‘up for it, ‘passionate, ‘sharp ‘mad about safety and ‘mad about cost. Bleue is what make Ryanair different. 3.2.4 HRM Strategy -to complete 4. Conclusions To complete 5. Bibliography Abratt, R. (1989), â€Å"A new approach to the corporate image management process†, Journal of Marketing Management, 5(1), 63-76. Annual Report, Ryanair.com. (2009), ‘Annual report 2009, [Online] at: URL: http://www. Ryanair.com/ [Last accessed 22nd March 2010] Argenti, P. (2003) ‘Corporate Communication, 3rd edition; Mcgraw Hill Argenti,P. (2009) ‘Corporate Communication, 5th edition, McGraw- Hill Education. Balmer, J.M.T. (1995), â€Å"Corporate branding and connoisseurship†, Journal of General Management, 21(1), 24-46. Balmer, J.M.T. (1997), Corporate identity past, present and future, works paper, University of Strathclyde International Centre for Corporate Identity Studies, Glasgow. Balmer, J.M.T. (2001), â€Å"Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate marketing: seeing through the frog, European Journal of Marketing, 35(3-4), 248-291. Cornelissen, J. (2005) ‘Corporate Communication, Theory practice; Sage Publications Davies, A. (2002) ‘Public relations Democracy Part 2; Guirham, M. (1999) ‘Communicating Across Cultures; McMillan Harris et al, (2003) ‘International HRM; CIPD Johnson, G; Scholes, K. (2002) ‘Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall Mitchell, Aigle Wood. Johnson, G; Scholes, K; Whtittington, R. (2008) ‘Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall Mitchell, Aigle Wood. Oliver S. (2001) ‘Corporate Communication; Kogan, Page Mayer, S. (2008) ‘RyanAir and its Low Cost Flights in Europe: Marketing Plan Akamdemische Schriftenriehe; GRIN Verlag Melewar, T.C. (2006) ‘Seven dimension of corporate identity: a categorization from practitioners perspective, European Journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), 846-69. Tourish D Hargie O. (2004) ‘Key issues in organisational Communication; Routledge Van Reil Cees.B.M. (1992) ‘Principles of corporate Communication; FT Prentice. Van Riel, C.B.M. and Balmer, J.M.T. (1997). â€Å"Corporate identity: the concept, its measurement and management†, European Journal of Marketing, 31(5-6), 340-350. Wall, S and Rees, B (2004) ‘International Business, 2nd Edition , Pearson Education Limited. 6. Appendix Proposed Stakeholder model with Ryanair Input Output Model of Strategic Management (Cornelissen, 2005) Ryanairs response to an Irish blogger Jason Roe who highlighted flaws over the website layout; rather than thanking Mr.Roe instead staff commented: (source: ‘ Ryanair calls blogger lunatic; The Telegraph, 25th February 2009)

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Dentist Essay -- essays research papers

The Trip to the Dentist Office   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thinking to myself, is there any way I could jolt back in my car and head back for home, I enter the tall thin tan colored brick building and walk over to the elevator, hoping that the last half hour of scrubbing my teeth to death pays off. Nervously, I push the up button and patiently wait. The elevator door promptly opens and I am engulfed, the door closes, up I go. Once on the second floor, I exit the elevator and immediately I can smell the mixture of the wintergreen flavored tooth paste and the overwhelming aroma of bleach out in the hall, along with the sound of the teeth grinding drills which gives, no longer the feeling of the dentist office but of road construction area. With the opening of the outer door, the blast of cool air hits me giving a feeling of being naked in the cold brutal winter. I walk in and add my name to the list on the long sign in sheet. â€Å"Andrew,† the slim silver haired woman behind the winter white frosted glass slide wind ow, sees me and lets me know that the dentist will be ready in a split second.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While I wait hesitantly for the dental assistant in her crisp clean creme colored uniform to announce my name, I look at the tiny tropical turquoise splashed fish in the large crystal clear tank sitting in the corner of the room. The sleek silent fish dart about playing hide and seek with the plastic mermaid figure sunken deep at the bottom of the tank wit...

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Development in Moroccan Economy Essay

Economic Environment Development of the Moroccan Economy The Moroccan economy is known for its macroeconomic stability. Inflation rates have always been relatively low, mainly due to the country’s restrictive currency regime. Morocco has been characterised by moderate to high growth rates. The country has benefited from its low labour cost and strategic location near the European mainland. Morocco has experienced a stronger growth than usual since the year 2000, caused by improved weather conditions, a strong export growth and various liberalizing policies. These liberalizing policies have been introduced by King Mohammed VI in 2003. He came up with a number of economic reforms resulting in a growth of the small modern manufacturing sector and the development of the tourism industry. He has put his main focus on the European Union since the Free Trade Agreement in the year 2000. Morocco’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has steadily gone up since 2002. According to statistics of â€Å"Datamonitor 360† the GDP in 2002 was about 40 billion dollar, in 2010 the GDP had grown to approximately 60 billion dollar. That is a rise of 50% in only eight years time. The World Factbook from the CIA mentions that in 2010 Morocco ranked number 58 in the world when it comes to the GDP. The real GDP growth rate has not been negative since 2002. In 2010 Morocco ranked number 77 in the world of real GDP growth. The lowest growth rate was about 2,5% in 2005 and 2007 and peeked with 7,5% in 2006. This could have possibly been caused by the Free Trade Agreement with the United States of America, which was introduced in 2006. I will further explain the results of the Free Trade Agreement with the EU and the USA later on in this chapter. The three main sectors: industry, service and agriculture, all grew steadily the past ten years. In 2009 the service sector was the biggest sector and contributed 49,4% to the GDP, the industry sector came second with 31,3% followed by the agriculture with 19,2%. Morocco has a profitable industry sector, mainly because of its large amounts of phosphate. Tourism plays a big role in the service sector. The tourism industry has remained vibrant despite the Casablanca bombings in 2003 and 2007. Morocco’s external trade has also been increasing steadily, with only a slight decrease in 2009. However, the total external trade still grew from 25,7 billion dollars in 2002 to 77,6 billion dollars in 2009. This is a growth of 51,9 billion dollars, which is a growth percentage of approximately 202%. Even though Morocco’s economy has been doing well the past decade, the unemployment rate is still relatively high. During the period from 2002 to 2008 the unemployment rate was at least 11%. In 2007 a small decrease of unemployment of 300 thousand took place, still leaving 1,1 million people unemployed. By the end of 2008 the unemployment rate was 9,6%. In 2009 a total of 93,000 new jobs got created resulting in a decrease to 9,1% by the end of 2009. We can conclude that the overall Moroccan economy has shown a fairly good development, but there is still a lot more to improve. The government has been working on new reforms that should lead to better business conditions in the country. International Financial Crisis Morocco together with Algeria and Tunisia has been one of the least affected countries by the international financial crisis. The international financial crisis started with the credit crunch in the US. Morocco has not been affected by this so-called credit crunch, because Morocco does not have the kind of credit that caused the American credit crunch. Besides this Morocco had minimal exposure to foreign assets. Morocco did however get affected by the international financial crisis as soon as it hit Europe. The Western European crisis resulted in diminishing growth rates. The crisis in Europe did not only slow down Moroccan export rates, but also the tourism industry. As European unemployment rates increased, many Moroccans working abroad lost their jobs, causing a decline in remittances. Morocco has been able to keep the negative effects of the international financial crisis to a minimum due to its good macroeconomic policy, an open economy, clear trade policies and several investment opportunities with emerging countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Because of the effects the financial crisis has had in Europe and the US, Gulf investors are expected to invest in African countries and the Middle East. At the end of 2008 Gulf investors announced a 1,7 billion US dollar investment in real estate in Morocco. These investments and planned reforms will make sure the Moroccan economy will continue to grow in the future. Effects FTA US and EU Morocco’s economy has largely benefited from the free trade agreements it has made with the European Union and the United States. In 1996 Morocco signed an association agreement with the European Union. The association became effective on March 1, 2000. The free trade agreement with the EU is mainly applied on industrial products and hardly any agricultural products. The objective is to have completely free trade between Morocco and the EU by 2012. In 2010 the EU proposed a new trade deal with Morocco to include duty-free trade in agricultural, food and fisheries products. On June 15, 2004 Morocco also signed a free trade agreement with the USA, which became effective on January 1, 2006. For America this was the second Arab-US free trade agreement and the first African-US free trade agreement. During a video of the ‘Moroccan American Trade and Investment Council’ the counsellor to King Mohammed VI for financial and economic affairs says about the FTA with the US: â€Å"We want to put Morocco as a platform for business with Europe, with the US, with Asia, China, Africa, Middle East. It was part of a global vision of Morocco. † Mr. Hassan, the president of the Moroccan Business Association says during the same video â€Å"The Morocco – US free trade agreement is a great opportunity for the Moroccan economy. † Due to the free trade agreements many American and European businesses have opened establishments in Morocco. These businesses have employed thousands of Moroccans causing a decline in the unemployment rate of the country. Both free trade agreements have been a huge step in the right direction for Morocco. The country still has a lot of poverty and unemployment; much more is needed to solve the country’s issues. However, the country is one of the most stable African and Arab nations. Current Economic System Morocco has a relatively liberal market economy regulated by supply and demand. From 1993 onwards there has been a policy of privatization. The heritage foundation, a research and educational institution, has come up with an index of economic freedom. This index makes it possible to measure the economic freedom in countries around the world. The world average score on the index of 2011 is 59. 7 out of 100 points. Morocco’s overall score is 59. 6, only a tenth point under the world average. Morocco is the 93rd country on the 2011 world rank of economic freedom. The regional average of the Middle East and North Africa is 60. 6, which makes Morocco the 10th country on the list of 17 regional countries. The overall score is determined by ten economic freedoms. In figure below the ranking of all ten separate economic freedoms of Morocco compared to the world average is shown. The most important economic freedom for this specific country report is business freedom. The business freedom represents the procedures for setting up and registering a private enterprise and the possibilities of private investment and production. In figure you can clearly see the Moroccan business freedom compared to the Dutch business freedom. King Mohammed VI has come up with many economic and non-economic reforms over the years. The two largest current reforms are the â€Å"Plan Maroc Vert† (Green Plan) and the â€Å"Plan Emergence†.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Womens Suffrage essays

Women's Suffrage essays Suffrage is the term used to describe the right to vote as a natural right. When people are without it, they work hard in order to have it. Without having the ability to vote, one cannot have a say in what goes on around them. The most influential period for women and their fight for the right to vote was from 1890 to 1920. Women felt that if they had the same freedoms as the men had at that time that all their problems would be solved. They had a lot of troubles and without being able to vote, they felt incapable of changing the future for themselves and their daughters. The womens situation in the nineteenth century seemed bleak. Everything they worked hard at achieving did not belong to them but to there father or husband. The fight started slowly but steadily, until it grew stronger later on in the late nineteenth century. With the help of great leaders, they were able to be influential on a state-to-state basis. They worked just as nominees did for being elected. They created ma rches, made banners, pins, and held rallies in support of their cause. Reluctantly, men favored suffrage for women, and states started granting women the right to vote. With great assistance, from those tough brave leaders, the womens fight was soon over as the nation granted them suffrage with the nineteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. This was a great movement for the women of that time and without their fight from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, the American nation would not have been able to enjoy the brilliant minds and the feminine people today. The situation for women in the late nineteenth century was like many other centuries before it. Slaves, children, and women were all regarded as having a natural dependency. Women never had any rights nor did they own any property of their own. The government claimed that women did not need any rights because the man that was most ...