Improvement Of Dual Axis Tracker Using Arduino Uno Engineering Essay

Improvement Of Dual axis of rotation Tracker Using Arduino Uno Engineering try onsolar agent generation had been functiond as a renewable cogency since years ago.This flake of heartiness is very clean, environmentally comradely and reliability as secondary choice for source faculty.This study pay the design and improvement of dual axis traceer using Arduino Uno kit.Futher more,the of import design is the dual axis tracker administration which will actuate solar mental faculty will keep aligned with the fair weather in order to maximise in harvesting solar spot.In this attend,its divided by two categoriescomputer hardw are and package.In hardware part,4 light dependent impedance(LDR) has been apply to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting brightness level of sunlight.For rotation part, two criterion servo motor has been selected.In software part,the code is constructed in C program and inserted in Arduino Uno.This project is designed for low billet and portable application.Therefore, its fitting for rural area usage.Moreover,the capacity of output power which collected by sunlight are increased.Keywords Dual axis of rotation,LDR,Servo Motor,ArduinoI. INTRODUCTIONRenewable might is energy which comes from natural source such as sunlight, wind rain ,tides ,wave and etc. Renewable energy provide 19% of electricity generation worldwide.Malaysia,with existence of about 28 million, is one of fastest-growing economies in Asia. During the shoemakers last decade, Malaysia has seen almost 20% increase in energy generating capacity from 13,000MW in 2000 to 15,500MW in 2009.Under the eighth Malaysia plan (2001-2005),the government of Malaysia careend the Four Fuel insurance policy(based on oil, gas, coal and hydropower) to the Five-Fuel Policy with the addition of renewable energy as fifth source of raise. Malaysia is salubrious endowed with abundant non-renewable and renewable source of energy, especially biomass and solar.In the last ten year,many residentals around the world used electric solar arranging as a sub power at their houses.this is because solar energy is an unlimited energy resource,set to become increasingly important in longstanding term, for providing electricity and heat energy to user1.solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through with(predicate) the form of solar radiation.The sun is most is most inexhaustible,renewable source energy known to man.The is no impairment and also no air contaminant created by solar energy ,environmentally friendly and solar energy are interminable supplies3.It is related with aspects as deforestation control,protection of ozone layer,reduction of CO2 emission and others4.The chief(prenominal) target area of this paper is to develop solar tracker.The solar tracker tramp be used for several application such as solar jail cells,solar day-lighting system and solar thermal arrays1.Nowadays,the highest efficacy of solar ornament is 19%.So, the efficiency idler be enhance by using solar tracker.Albeit,the price of various solar tracker are thus farthermost expensive because solar tracker is still new and only a few countries use it as southeastwardwesterly Korean and USA1.Futhermore,this project is designed for rural area which far from main supply and absolutely low cost.Previous researchers 1,3 and 6 used LDR as detector respectively.Other that,1 ,6used dc motor and 3 used servo motor as the operator of their solar tracker.II. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR TRACKERFinding energy source to execute the worlds growing demand is one of society foremost challenges for next half(a) century.The challenge in altering sunlight into electricity via photovoltaic solar cell is dramatically reducing $/Watt of delivered solar electricity.In this context the solar tracker are such devices for efficiency improvement.solar tracker is the devices which designed automated for detect the sunlight motility from east to west.However,this automated system will stay its operational make up if weather is stainy and there is no sun visible totrack,thus outgo stored energy without any gain6.Nowadays,many researcher from various education institution standardisedly con subsidy in this topic. Based on experimental and actual result,the solar tracking fag end enhance by 30 to 60 portion compared to atmospheric static solar array.Other that, power generated annually increase up to 40 percent.There are numbers types of solar tracker depends on cost,performance and technology3.This paper continues exploitation on two axis tracking system consists joyous Dependent Resistor(LDR),standard servo motor,solar module and Arduino programmer.III METHODOLOGYThis project is divided into two parts,hardware development and programming development. find 1 show the block diagram of the project.CUsersAlberto_TaminoDesktopDrawing1.jpgFigure 1Block diagram of the project2 Project throw2.1 HardwareThe main components of hardware used in this project are Arduino Board,Light Dependent Resistor,Servo Motor,solar bloodshed and solar tracker stand, variable resistor.2.1.1 Arduino BoardIn this project,Arduino was used as main controller.Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible,easy to use software and hardware.Arduino can sense environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can effect it surrounding by controlling light,motor and other actuator.The microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino programming language and Arduino development environment.Arduino can be stand alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer.2.1.2 Light Dependent ResistorLight Dependent Resistor is semiconductor which sensitive with light.The main persona is to change the brightness of light in different weather condition.Becauce of these reason,this paper choosed LDR which fit to track the sunlight.2.1.3 Servo MotorServo motor is one type of various motor in ele ctronic application.This type motor demand supply 4.8V or 6V.This motor consists three wire namely signal,positive and commonwealth wire.The motor consists several part,the motor and gearbox,a position sensor,an error amplifier and motor number one wood and circuit to decode the requested position.Servo motor only rotate in 180 degree.http//t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcQmkuTWaXtVnqH1pvD1XfCAoz4L-eOvUpgzLpaZTOGhzP16cFzeFigure 2Servo Motor2.1.4 Solar PanelSolar panel is a device to scram sunlight and convert it into electricity.Nowadays,many type solar panel in the market but the efficiency still low.Other that,the price still expensive.That reason makes this type renewable energy still second choice energy generation after fuel generation.This paper used monocrystalline solar panel for solar tracker and static mode.CUsersCIPOXS1AppDataLocalTempWPDNSEABEA16F1-1E2E-5557-6656-659DC8B5A9B6191120121132.jpgFigure 3 2W Solar Panel2.1.5 Solar Tracker StandThis project designed the ch eap and innovative stand.This stand also stable because the unfit base area makes the servo motor and solar operate as usual at the top.CUsersCipOx StarzDesktopsolar tracker(FYP 2)181120121127.jpgFigure 4 Prototype of Solar StandMaterialUnitQuantityPVC Tee go on3PVC Elbow inch4PVC trim Socket1 to inch1PVC Pipe2 pulsation2TOA SprayLight Green1Table 1Prototype Material2.1.6 Variable ResistorA variable resistor is a potentiometer with only two wires instead of three.The pots allows to control yhe probable across through the circuit.The long handle on the potentiometer/variable resistor can be turned clockwise or anti-clockwise,altering the quantify of resistance.The range of resistance varies,for example 0 to 1000 ohms.This paper used variable resistor for speed and tolerance for each motor steep and horixontal axis.CUsersCipOx StarzDesktopdownload.jpgCUsersCipOx StarzDesktopdownload (1).jpgCUsersCipOx StarzDesktopimages.jpgCUsersCipOx StarzDesktop220px-Faders.jpgFigure 5 Sever al of Variable Resistors2.2 software productThis paper using the C programming as programming language.The primary code constructed and inserted into Arduino Board.The Figure 6 show the flowchart of the software procedure.CUsersAlberto_TaminoDesktopDrawing1.jpgFigure 6 Flowchart of software procedure.IV. RESULT AND DICUSSIONFrom the result,the pen selected the worthy location for solar panel placement.The best location where is non complete from building or trees shadow.The sun moves from east to west.Therefore,the author choosed for placing the solar tracker toward south east.So,the solar panel will get more sunlight in order to harvest output power.The best reading time is amid 10am till 12.00pm.The info collected from 9am till 5.00pm for 5day.The highest ouput voltage for solar tracker is 3.7V and for the static is 3.4V.The data shown the reading are upward from 9.00am till 12.00pm and start down(prenominal) from 1.00pm till 5.00pm.According from data,the author choosed t wo condition of solar panel unruffled Solar Panel which face north east in 45 degree tilt.Solar Tracker which face east.From the data from figure 9,the largest output power is 587.6mW at 12.00pm for the tracker mode and the the net is 4.1mW.Figure 7Output potentiality Versus Output CurrentFigure 8Output Voltage Versus sequenceFigure 7Ouput Power Versus TimeThe sunlight irradiation depends on many factor.The weather in Malaysia is hot and humid throught the year.This factor makes Malaysia receive the rain most the year.Therefore,Malaysias atmosphere covered by variety of cloud. The author research how effect the variety of cloud to solar panel reading.The data from figure 10 shown the highest ouput power harvested when no cloud in the atmosphere.Other that,the lowest reading is when the sky covered by cumulonimbus cloud.This type of cloud are bulky and associated with thunderstorm.Therefore,the sunlight irradiation not fully emitted to the solar panel.Figure 8Output Power Versus D ayV. CONCLUSSIONIn conclusion,the objective of solar tracker has been archieved.Based on all result,the output voltage and output power are increased compared to the the static solar panel.The solar tracker is able to track the sun movement from west to east.The cost and reability of this tracker makes it suitable for the rural usage. This paper also conclude that the clouds also the main factor for harversting more power.The purpose on renewable energy from this paper gave new and innovative conception to continue the bright future in this field .VI. RECOMMENDATIONFor get on research on this field,the data collection can be ameliorate by long distance monitoring especially when user far from the site or when the rain.The high quality camera can be installed for capturing the type of cloud for futher research.Other that,this paper recommend that this innovative prototype can be enhance by increased it is scale.The solar panel can be replaced by larger scale in order to capturing more solar irradiation.Other that,the selection of solar panel should be also considered.Solar panel should high in efficiency for produce more output power which can used more low power appliances.For the location of solar tracker,the best location is the higher place where is in the top building.Other that,the get on user should considered the clouds.Before the installation,the user should research and identify the most area which not covered by cloud.Lastly,the user should be managed to restore the ouput power as secondary supply in an effort to preserve the invironment and ozone.Save our earth.ACKNOWLEDMENTThe author would like to acknowledge University Technology Mara (UiTM) for providing the component for this project.The author also tribute to Mdm. Aida Sulinda Kusim,all the lecturer,the staff and students of UiTM who have been involved in this project for the tremendous keep and enormous guide.REFRENCES1 Asmarashid Ponniran,Ammar Hashim,Ariffuddin Joret. A Design of Low Po wer Single Axis Solar Tracking System Regardless of Motor Speed.Internal Journal Of Intergrated Engineering,Vol.3 No.2(2011) p 5-9.2 Ashok Kumar Saxena,V.Dutta. A Versatile Microprocessor Based Controller For Solar Tracking.Proc.IEEE,1990,pp.1105-11093 Mohd Zulkifli,M.A.Zolkapli.M.Al-Junid,S.A.M. High-Efficency Dual Axis Solar Tracking Developtment Using Arduino.4 J.Beltran A.,J.L Gonzalez Rubio S.y C.D.Garcia-Beltran. Design,Manufacturing and Performance Test of a Solar Tracker Made By a Embedded Control.Fourth Congress of Electronic,Robotic and Automotive chemical mechanism5 Norhazwani Abd Malek,Hasril Hasini,Adlansyah Abd Rahman,Mohd Nasharuddin Mohd Jaafar. 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